One of the most interesting things that’s shown up throughout most of the letters we’ve read so far, and that we only briefly got the chance to touch on in class, was Dickinson’s relationship with God and her views on religion, spirituality, and the church.
Even as early as 16, and in the first letter we read for today, Dickinson is grappling with religion in an incredibly complex and interesting way. I especially found these lines interesting: “I have perfect confidence in God & his promises & yet I know not why, I feel that the world holds a predominant place in my affections. I do not feel that I could give up all for Christ, were I called to die.” This idea progressed into her adulthood, as we looked at in class with her letter to Mrs. J. G. Holland (letter 185), where she said “there were no need of other Heaven than the one below – and if God had been here this summer, and seen the things that I have seen – I guess that He would think His Paradise superfluous.”
It’s really interesting to look at how Dickinson viewed life and the afterlife here, and what I’m particularly interested in is how do you all think that the spree of death of loved ones that followed her later in her life effected that viewpoint on life, afterlife, and religion, if at all?
David’s CS for March 9th
There are several letters that give insight into this question. The first one is letter 278. In this letter, Emily Dickinson includes several lines of poetry:
It is not dying hurts us so, —
‘Tis living hurts us more;
But dying is a different way,
A kind, behind the door, —
Emily seems to be describing how the people who are left alive are the ones that hurt. The people who are dead have passed through the door and returned home. They are at peace. She compares the people that remain to “birds that stay” when the others have as “soon as frosts are due / Adopts a better latitude.” The ones who remain are the ones suffering through the pain of winter or grief.
Another letter that brings some insight is 338. Dickinson writes this letter to her aunt, Katie Sweetser, after the Sweetser’s eldest son died. She writes, “It is sweet to think they are safe by Death and that that is all we have to pass to obtain their face. There are no Dead, dear Katie, the Grave is but our moan for them.” Again, she seems to be referring to the pain of living after someone has died. However, the line “all we have to pass to obtain their face” seems to be referring to the idea of Heaven, and seeing someone after Death. It is fascinating that Dickinson, someone who was not “saved” and thus would not be going to Heaven, would comment about seeing someone in the afterlife.
The final letter I want to bring up is 899. This letter is written shortly after her nephew Gilbert has died. The line “Ineffable Avarice of Jesus, who reminds a perhaps encroaching Father, ‘All these are mine.'” Specifically, the word “encroaching” makes me think of someone creeping up on someone’s territory and trying to steal from them. In this case, the Father is sneaking up to take Gib before his time. I think it is interesting that Dickinson uses this particular word because it reveals her feelings about God at this particular time of life.
I’m not sure I fully answered your question but these are some letters that I believe could help inform the topic.
Great topic and great questions here, David! And Lisa, your lovely response certainly gives us some depth to Dickinson’s feelings on death. David, as I’ve been reading, I, too, have found Dickinson’s views on God to be most interesting. In the last section of letters, specifically Letter 342b from Higginson to Dickinson, Higginson writes that Dickinson’s “father was not severe I should think but remote. He did not wish them [his children] to read anything but the Bible” (210). Clearly we can see from several of her letters in the first section that Dickinson knows her Bible stories in the way she is able to directly quote a variety of scripture. Therefore, we can deduce that she was perhaps raised in a household that emphasized Christianity and made its children learn about the Bible. I do think it’s only natural that Dickinson question these Christian ideas and her views on God as she matures, which you allude to in your post.
To answer your question about the influence of deaths in her life on her views of God and the church, I am most attracted to Dickinson’s letters where she is clearly grieving over the loss of her beloved nephew, Gilbert. For instance, in Letter 873, Dickinson writes that “‘Open the Door, open the Door, they are waiting for me,’ was Gilbert’s sweet command in delirium. Who were waiting for him, all we possess we would give to know – […] is there more? More than Love and Death? Then tell me it’s name!” (294). I typically think it’s common that people take comfort in God (or a god) when a loved one dies because they enjoy the thought of thinking that their loved one is in a “better place.” But here, Dickinson takes no solace in any deity to the point that she asks if there is anything more than “Love and Death.” Contrarily, in Letter 1020, dated a couple years after Gilbert’s death, Dickinson wonders about him, “Where makes my Lark his Nest? But Corinthians’ Bugle obliterates the Birds, so covering your loved Heart to keep it from another shot” (326). Here, as the endnote on page 327 indicates, it seems that Dickinson does find solace in the Bible through referencing 1 Corinthians 15:50-53*. Therefore, I will conclude that while it is apparent that the deaths of so many loved ones throughout her life certainly took a mental and emotional toll on Dickinson, I am not sure the deaths caused her to completely sever her thoughts on God. I think we can agree that Dickinson definitely questioned her religion and that witnessing deaths of her loved ones furthered, if only a little, that questioning.
*In his letter to Christians in Corinth, the Apostle Paul writes the following in 1 Corinthians 15:50-53: “What I am saying, dear brothers and sisters, is that our physical bodies cannot inherit the Kingdom of God. These dying bodies cannot inherit what will last forever. But let me reveal to you a wonderful secret. We will not all die, but we will all be transformed! It will happen in a moment, in the blink of an eye, when the last trumpet is blown. For when the trumpet sounds, those who have died will be raised to live forever. And we who are living will also be transformed. For our dying bodies must be transformed into bodies that will never die; our mortal bodies must be transformed into immortal bodies.”
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